Tourism In Europe

Tourism In Europe

Kevin A. Griffin

Dept. Geography UCD

Content

Importance & Characteristics

World Tourism

European tourism

Forms of Tourism

Resort Tourism

Urban Tourism

Rural Tourism

References

World Statistics

http://www.world-tourism.org

Statistics Service

Highlights

Adobe

Text of Talk

http://homepage.eircom.net/~boherballina

The Tourism Industry

Section 1

Importance and Characteristics

Growing significance of tourism

Rapid Growth in Global Revenue

Foreign Exchange

Employment Creation

Low Levels of Leakage

Geographically Dispersed - Not Just City

When Managed, Can Exist Symbiotically

High Level of Employment Generation

...

Reasons for Engaging in Tourism

Relaxation and Refreshment

Health

Sporting Pursuits

Pleasure

Curiosity and Culture

Interpersonal Reasons

Spiritual Purposes

Professional or Business Reasons

...

Components of Tourism

Scenic

Entertainment

Cultural

Tradition

Other

...

Components of Tourism - Scenic

Outstanding Panoramas and Areas of Natural Beauty

National Parks

Wildlife

Flora and Fauna

Beach Resorts

...

Components of Tourism - Ents.

Participation and Viewing Sports

Amusement and Recreation Parks

Zoos and Oceanariums

Cinemas and Theatres

Night-life

Cuisine

...

Components of Tourism - Cultural

Sites and Areas of Archaeological Interest

Historic Buildings and Monuments

Places of Historical Interest

Museums

Modern Culture

Political and Educational Institutions

Religion

...

Components of Tourism - Trad.

National Festivals

Arts and Handicrafts

Music

Folklore

Native Life and Customs

...

Components of Tourism - Other

Climate

Health Resorts

Unique Attractions Unvailable Elsewhere

...

The Tourism Industry

Section 2

World Tourism

International Arrivals 1950-1999

Tourism Arrivals by Region - 1999

Tourism Arrivals by Region - 1999

Purpose & Mode of Arrival

World-wide Export Earnings - 1998

The Tourism Industry

Section 3

European Tourism

Arrivals to Europe

European Distribution

Arrivals to Europe

How Did They Arrive To Europe

42% Aeroplane

32% Cars

12% Coaches

Where Did They Go in Europe?

12% Spain

11% France

8% Italy

8% Austria

The Tourism Industry

Section 4

Forms of Tourism

Forms of Tourism

Resort Tourism

Coastal Tourism

Ski Tourism

Urban Tourism

Rural Tourism

...

Resort Tourism - Characteristics

Resort Tourism

Overall pattern:

Hotels

Apartments / Villas

Serviced sections

Agencies rent and fill

...

Resort Tourism - Cost / Benefit

Benefits to Operator

Guaranteed Accommodation

Low Risk

Low Prices

Profits Flow

Benefits to Hotelier

Secure Investment

Low Interest Deal

Foreign Control

Cost to Hotelier

Foreign Control

...

Resort Tourism - Impacts

Exploitation

Integrated Development

Resource Exploitation

External Demands

Profit

Restructures Local Economy and Society

Conservation

Retention of Population

Retention of Character

Retention of Culture

Retention of Tradition

Retention of Values

...

Urban Tourism - Characteristics

Urban Areas Can Be Considered As :

Gateways

Destinations.

Accommodation Centres

...

Urban Tourism - Diversity

Urban Areas are Heterogeneous in:

Size

Location

Function

Age

Multi-Functional in Nature

Not Just Facilities for Tourists

Urban Tourism & Regeneration

Tourism Used For Urban Regeneration Because:

Growth Industry.

Tourism Facilities Create a Better Environment

Benefits Pass to Locals

Image of City Improved.

Rural Tourism - Characteristics

Rural Tourism Should be:

Located in Rural Areas

Functionally Rural

Rural in Scale

Traditional in Character

Of Many Different Kinds

Rural Tourism - Treasures

Treasures of The Countryside Are:

Natural treasures

Man-made treasures

Allusive treasures

Rural Tourism - Sustainability

Methods of Making Tourism Sustainable:

Restrictions on Flows in Congested Areas

Old Town Centres

Pedestrianisation Schemes

Construction of Ring Roads and By-passes.

Restrictions on Vehicle Flows Around Major Attractions.

Limits on Access to Tourist Attractions

Prevention of Undesirable Developments