|
|
Farid od Din Attar was born in Nishabur and lived about
1119-1220 (Another source mentions he lived about 1136-1230). He lived close to
100 years and was killed by the Mongol invaders. His tomb is in Nishabur.
Different stories are told about the death of Attar. One common story is as
follow: He was captured by a Mongol. One day someone came along and offered a
thousand pieces of silver for him. Attar told the Mongol not to sell him for
that price since the price was not right. The Mongol accepted Attar's words and
did not sell him. Later someone else comes along and offers a sack of straw for
him. Attar counsels the Mongol to sell him because that is how much he is worth.
The Mongol soldier becomes very angry and cuts off Attar's head so he dies to
teach a lesson.
Attar is one of the most ancient poets of Persia. His work has been the
inspiration of Rumi and many other mystic poets of Persian Empire. Rumi
considered Attar the spirit and Sanai the eyesight , both of whom his poetic
masters. Attar met Rumi at the end of his life when Rumi was only a boy and gave
his book Asrarnameh as a present to him.
Attar took his name from his occupation. He was a druggist, perfumist and a
doctor in addition to being a poet. Attar saw as many as 500 patients a day in
his shop where he prescribed herbal extractions/medicine which he made himself.
In his shop, he also wrote while seeing patients. Attar wrote 114 pieces, the
same number of suras in the holy book of Koran. About thirty of his works
survived. To name a few of his works are love stories, biographies of saints,
Asrar nameh ("The Book of Secrets"), a collection of quatrains,
Ellahi nameh ("The Book of God") and the last not the least, his most
well known masterpiece of Mantiq O-Tayr ("The Bird of the Sky")
known as "The Conference of the Birds".
In The Book of God, he describes six human capacities and abilities: ego,
imagination, intellect, thirst for knowledge, thirst for detachment, and thirst
for unity. In The book of Secrets, he uses a collection of small stories to
elevate the spiritual state of the reader.
In "The Conference of the Birds," Attar explains seven valleys (veils) which the
"Bird of the Sky" goes through and passes to meet Simurgh (God).
This is a process that each of us goes through. What we make of ourselves and
what we become, good or bad, happy or unhappy, satisfied or dissatisfied, we do
ourselves.
Kamal-ul-molk the great painter
During the Qajar era, Kamal ul-Molk by establishing the Handicrafts College, embarked on teaching carpet design drawing as an independent field of art. It was at the period that the innovative designs of Persian carpets were born without relying on a specific geographical region of Iran.
Mausoleum Of Attar-e Neishaboori & Kamal-ul-molk the great painter
